AF-S NIKKOR 16-35mm f/4G ED VR

High-performance wide-angle zoom features Nano Crystal Coat and VR image stabilization for dramatically sharper still images and video capture.

Price:
$1,259.95 *ESP

#

Definitive Wide-angle Zoom Lens
Versatile wide-angle lens, perfect for travel, land and cityscapes, and general photography.
#

Nikon VR II (Vibration Reduction) Image Stabilization
Vibration Reduction, engineered specifically for each VR NIKKOR lens, enables handheld shooting at up to 4 shutter speeds slower than would otherwise be possible, assuring dramatically sharper still images and video capture.
#

Nano Crystal Coat
Further reduces ghosting and interior flare across a wide range of wavelengths for even greater image clarity.
#

2 Extra-low Dispersion (ED) Elements
Offers superior sharpness and color correction by effectively minimizing chromatic aberration, even at the widest aperture settings.
#

3 Aspherical Lens Elements
Aspherical lens elements virtually eliminate coma and other types of aberration, even when shooting at the widest available aperture.
#

Internal Focus (IF)
Provides fast and quiet autofocus without changing the length of the lens, retaining working distance throughout the focus range.
#

Exclusive Nikon Silent Wave Motor (SWM)
Enables fast, accurate and quiet autofocus.
#

M/A Focus Mode Switch
Enables quick changes between manual and autofocus operation.
#

Rounded 9-Blade Diaphragm
Renders more natural appea

AF-S DX NIKKOR 16-85mm f/3.5-5.6G ED VR (5.3x)

Compact 5.3x zoom DX-NIKKOR lens with SWM and VR II

* 5.3x zoom lens covering a wide focal range of 16 to 85mm (picture angle is equivalent to focal length of 24 to 127.5mm in the 35mm format)
* Vibration Reduction II enables sharper pictures while shooting at shutter speeds up to four stops slower than would otherwise be possible
* Optical design optimized for superior performance with Nikon digital SLRs
* ED (Extra-low Dispersion) glass elements minimize chromatic aberration while providing higher resolution and superior contrast
* Three aspherical lens elements minimize various types of lens aberration
* High-performance Nikon Super Integrated Coating achieves superior color reproduction while substantially reducing ghosting and flare
* Nikon’s exclusive Silent Wave Motor ensures fast, quiet autofocus operation
* Rounded seven-blade diaphragm opening makes out-of-focus elements appear more natural
* 0.38 m/1.3 ft. closest focus distance throughout the entire zoom range
* Accepts 67 mm filter attachments

Specifications






Focal length

16-85 mm

Maximum aperture

f/3.5-5.6

Lens construction

17 elements in 11 groups (with two ED glass elements, three aspherical lenses)

Picture angle

83° - 18°50’

Number of diaphragm blades

7 (rounded)

Minimum f/stop

22-36

Closest focusing distance

0.38 m (1.3 ft.) (throughout the entire zoom range)

Maximum reproduction ratio

1/4.6

Zoom control

Manual, via separate zoom ring

M/A mode

Available

Weight (approx.):

485 g/17.1 oz.

Dimensions (approx.) (from the camera’s lens mounting flange)

72 x 85 mm/2.8 x 3.4 in.

External front filter attachment frame

Does not rotate

External front filter

67mm

Supplied accessories

67 mm snap-on front lens cap LC-67, Rear lens cap LF-1,Bayonet hood HB-39, Flexible lens pouch CL-1015

Optional accessories

67 mm screw-in filters

Distance scale

Does have


Back to Top



MTF Chart


Wide Tele



Spatial Frequencies S: Sagittal M: Meridional
10 lines/mm
30 lines/mm

How to read the MTF chart

Back to Top



Lens Construction




: Aspherical lens elements : Super ED glass elements
: ED glass elements

Back to Top

* Lineup
o NIKKOR Lenses
+ Autofocus Lenses
# DX (for Nikon DX Format Digital SLRs)
* AF-S DX NIKKOR 10-24mm f/3.5-4.5G ED
* AF DX Fisheye-Nikkor 10.5mm f/2.8G ED
* AF-S DX Zoom-Nikkor 12-24mm f/4G IF-ED (2.0x)
* AF-S DX NIKKOR 16-85mm f/3.5-5.6G ED VR (5.3x)
* AF-S DX Zoom-Nikkor 17-55mm f/2.8G IF-ED (3.2x)
* AF-S DX Zoom-Nikkor 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G ED II (3.0x)
* AF-S DX NIKKOR 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G VR (3.0x)
* AF-S DX Zoom-Nikkor 18-70mm f/3.5-4.5G IF-ED (3.8x)
* AF-S DX NIKKOR 18-105mm f/3.5-5.6G ED VR (5.8x)
* AF-S DX NIKKOR 18-200mm f/3.5-5.6G ED VR II (11.1x)
* AF-S DX NIKKOR 35mm f/1.8G
* AF-S DX Zoom-Nikkor 55-200mm f/4-5.6G ED (3.6x)
* AF-S DX VR Zoom-Nikkor 55-200mm f/4-5.6G IF-ED (3.6x)

AF-S DX Zoom-Nikkor 12-24mm f/4G IF-ED (2.0x)

Ultra-wideangle zoom lens for exclusive use with Nikon DX-Format digital SLR


* Specially designed and optimized for Nikon digital SLRs
* Built-in SWM for ultra-fast, ultra-quiet AF operation
* High optical performance by aspherical lenses and ED glass elements
* M/A mode for quick switching between autofocus and manual operation
* Lightweight and compact design

Specifications






Lens construction

11 elements in 7 groups (2 ED glass elements and 3 aspherical lenses)

Picture angle

99° - 61°

Focal-length scale

12, 15, 18, 20, 24mm

Number of diaphragm blades

7 (rounded)

Minimum f/stop

22

Closest focusing distance

0.3m (through the entire focal range)

Maximum reproduction ratio

1/8.3

Zoom control

Manual, via separate zoom ring

Macro focusing

N/A

Focus-limit switch:

N/A

M/A mode

Available

Focus lock button

N/A

Weight (approx.)

465g

Dimensions (approx.) (from the camera’s lens mounting flange)

82.5×90 mm

Lens cap

Snap-on

Lens hood

HB-23 (supplied)

Lens case

CL-S2 (optional)

Tripod collar

N/A

External front filter attachment frame

Does not rotate

External front filter

77mm

Slip-on filter

N/A

Built-in/rear filter

N/A

Circular polarizing filter

Usable

Circular polarizing filter II

Usable, even with dedicated Lens Hood HB-23

Infrared compensation scale

N/A

Supplied accessories

77mm snap-on front lens cap LC-77, Rear lens cap LF-1, Bayonet Hood HB-23

Aperture ring

N/A

Distance scale

Does have

Material of lens mount

Metal

Cameras lenses AF-S NIKKOR 300mm f/2.8G ED VR II

Professional, fast-aperture super telephoto lens, now enhanced with Nikon VR II image stabilization and featuring Nano Crystal Coat, is an ideal choice for sports photography, live performance shooting, wildlife and more.

Price:
$5,899.95 *ESP



*

Fast-aperture f/2.8 NIKKOR Super Telephoto
Wide aperture, professional telephoto performance, optimized for edge-to-edge sharpness for both FX and DX-format Nikon D-SLRs—perfect for action and sports photojournalism, wildlife photography and more.
*

Nikon VR II (Vibration Reduction) Image Stabilization
Vibration Reduction, engineered specifically for each VR NIKKOR lens, enables handheld shooting at up to 4 shutter speeds slower than would otherwise be possible, assuring dramatically sharper still images and video capture.
*

Exclusive Nano Crystal Coat
Further reduces ghosting and internal flare for even greater image clarity.
*

Three Extra-low Dispersion (ED) Elements
Offers superior sharpness and color correction by effectively minimizing chromatic aberration, even at wide apertures.
*

Nikon Silent Wave Motor (SWM)
Delivers fast, accurate and quiet autofocusing.
*

Three Focus Modes
A/M mode joins the familiar M/A and M modes, enhancing AF control versatility with fast, secure switching between auto and manual focus to accommodate personal shooting techniques.
*

Nikon Super Integrated Coating (SIC)
Enhances light transmission efficiency and offers superior color consistency and reduced flare.
*

AF Memory Recall
Allows instant return to a predetermined point of focus.
*

Rugged Construction
Featuring enhanced dust and moisture-resistance, magnesium die-cast barrel construction and a protective meniscus front lens.
*

Close Focusing to 7.2 feet
Focus to 7.2 feet in manual focus or 7.5 feet in autofocus, enabling striking image perspectives.
*

Fully compatible with Nikon TC-14E II, TC-17E II and TC-20E II (III) Teleconverters.
*

Rounded 9-Blade Diaphragm
Renders more natural appearance of out-of-focus image areas.

Sony Alpha DSLR-A330

Pay Less! $510.74

That's the average, click to find the BEST price!

Basic Specifications
Resolution:	10.20 Megapixels
Kit Lens:	3.00x zoom 18-55mm (27-83mm eq.)
Viewfinder:	Optical / LCD
LCD Size:	2.7 inch
ISO:	100-3200
Shutter:	30-1/4000
Max Aperture:	3.5
Mem Type:	MS Duo / MS PRO Duo / SDHC
Battery:	Custom LiIon
Dimensions:	5.0 x 3.8 x 2.8 in. (128 x 97 x 71 mm)
Weight:	27.0 oz (765 g) includes batteries
MSRP:	$649
Availability:	06/2009

Test Summary (Mouse over items for explanations)
Power-on Time	0.6 sec
Shutter Lag, Full Autofocus	0.199 sec
Shutter Lag, Prefocused	0.107 sec
Shot to Shot time	0.49 sec
Continuous Speed	2.37 fps (18 shots)
Best Macro	2.32x1.57 in 59x40mm
Viewfinder accuracy (Optical)	96%
Viewfinder accuracy (LCD)	93%
Distortion (Wide Angle)	1.0%
Distortion (Telephoto)	0.0%
Battery Life (CIPA standard)	510 shots

Sony A330 Overview

Reviewed by Shawn Barnett, Dave Etchells, and Zig Weidelich
Preview Posted: 05/18/09
Review Posted: 10/31/09

Bucking the trend toward greater complexity and higher resolution, Sony has revamped their consumer digital SLR line with a new focus on even greater simplicity, lower-cost cameras, and more affordable beginner optics. Indeed, the three new SLRs, the Sony A230, A330, and A380 share more specifications in common with their predecessors than they do differences, with the main changes occurring in the size, weight, and shape categories.

Resolution for all three bodies is unchanged. The Sony A230 and A330 both have a 10.2-megapixel sensor, and the A380 has a 14.2-megapixel sensor. And though the A330 and A380 both have the fastest Live View mode available, they have no built-in movie mode in any model.

The Sony A330's new body design features fewer buttons to avoid confusing the user, and a few tweaks to the Function menu and the Status display. All three cameras are also bundled with a new 18-55mm lens to replace the 18-70mm lens previously used as a kit lens. The new lens design is shorter and lighter, and is the first of the company's new SAM lens line. Standing for Smooth Autofocus Motor, the new electronically linked lenses are designed to be less expensive than Sony's current offerings, while still offering high optical quality.

The Sony A330 includes support for both Memory Stick Duo and Secure Digital cards, with a manual switch to select between the two. Gone is support for CompactFlash, as is now true for most consumer SLRs.

A new Help system joins the improved DRO brought over from the A900 and the Sony A330 and its new brothers have the SteadyShot Inside feature. There are a number of other feature improvements in the Sony A330, including bigger AF points, a new self-timer mode, and even a new optional flash, all of which we'll get to in the User Report below.

The Sony A330 started shipping in June 2009, initially priced at $649 with the 18-55mm kit lens, and $849 with the 18-55mm and 55-200mm lenses, covering an 11x zoom range. The Sony A330 is the only camera that will also be available in a Copper Brown color, including a matching kit lens. Be sure to check prices by clicking on the links above right and in the shopping pods below for the latest prices on the Sony A330!

Sony Alpha DSLR-A230

Pay Less! $427.78

That's the average, click to find the BEST price!

Basic Specifications
Resolution:	10.20 Megapixels
Kit Lens:	3.00x zoom 18-55mm (27-83mm eq.)
Viewfinder:	Optical
LCD Size:	2.7 inch
ISO:	100-3200
Shutter:	30-1/4000
Max Aperture:	3.5
Mem Type:	MS Duo / MS PRO Duo / SDHC
Battery:	Custom LiIon
Dimensions:	5.0 x 3.8 x 2.7 in. (128 x 97 x 68 mm)
Weight:	25.6 oz (725 g) includes batteries
MSRP:	$549
Availability:	06/2009

Test Summary (Mouse over items for explanations)
Power-on Time	0.6 sec
Shutter Lag, Full Autofocus	0.194 sec
Shutter Lag, Prefocused	0.107 sec
Shot to Shot time	0.48 sec
Continuous Speed	2.37 fps (21 shots)
Best Macro	2.36x1.57 in 60x40mm
Viewfinder accuracy (Optical)	95%
Distortion (Wide Angle)	1.0%
Distortion (Telephoto)	0.0%
Battery Life (CIPA standard)	510 shots

Sony A230 Overview

Reviewed by Shawn Barnett, Dave Etchells, and Zig Weidelich
Preview Posted: 05/18/09
Review Posted: 10/31/09

Bucking the trend toward greater complexity and higher resolution, Sony has revamped their consumer digital SLR line with a new focus on even greater simplicity, lower-cost cameras, and more affordable beginner optics. Indeed, the three new SLRs, the Sony A230, A330, and A380 share more specifications in common with their predecessors than they do differences, with the main changes occurring in the size, weight, and shape categories.

Resolution for all three bodies is unchanged. The Sony A230 and A330 both have a 10.2-megapixel sensor, and the A380 has a 14.2-megapixel sensor.

The Sony A230's new body design features fewer buttons to avoid confusing the user, and a few tweaks to the Function menu and the Status display. All three cameras are also bundled with a new 18-55mm lens to replace the 18-70mm lens previously used as a kit lens. The new lens design is shorter and lighter, and is the first of the company's new SAM lens line. Standing for Smooth Autofocus Motor, the new electronically linked lenses are designed to be less expensive than Sony's current offerings, while still offering high optical quality.

The Sony A230 includes support for both Memory Stick Duo and Secure Digital cards, with a manual switch to select between the two. Gone is support for CompactFlash, as is now true for most consumer SLRs.

A new Help system joins the improved DRO brought over from the A900 and the Sony A230 and its new brothers have the SteadyShot Inside feature. There are a number of other feature improvements in the Sony A230, including bigger AF points, a new self-timer mode, and even a new optional flash, all of which we'll get to in the User Report below.

The Sony A230 started shipping in June 2009, initially priced at $549 with the 18-55mm kit lens, and $749 with the 18-55mm and 55-200mm lenses, covering an 11x zoom range. Be sure to check prices by clicking on the links above right and in the shopping pods below for the latest prices on the Sony A230!

D5000 Smart. Sharp. Simply Brilliant.

Compact and powerful, the D5000 is a remarkable blend of simplicity and advanced D-SLR capabilities with breathtaking 12.3-megapixel image quality

Price:
$629.95 ^*ESP

• 12.3-megapixel DX-format CMOS image sensor
  Coupled with Nikon's EXPEED image processing and NIKKOR optics, breathtaking picture quality is assured.

• D-Movie Mode with sound
  Record 720p HD movie clips enhanced by NIKKOR interchangeable lens quality and versatility.

• Vari-angle color LCD monitor
  Position the 2.7-inch monitor freely for fresh shooting perspectives. Screen flips inward for safe keeping.

• 19 Auto-exposure Scene Modes
  Capture stunning photos in challenging picture-taking situations including Sunsets, Candlelight, Silhouette, Portrait, Landscape, Beach/Snow, and more.

• One-button Live View
  Easy Live View access offers 4 autofocus modes, including Face-priority AF.

• Continuous shooting as fast as 4 frames per second
  Combined with fast power-up and split-second shutter response, decisive moments are captured easily without annoying shooting lag.

• Low noise ISO sensitivity from 200 to 3200
  Engineered for exceptional low-light shooting.

• Built-in image sensor cleaning
  Effective 4-frequency, ultrasonic sensor cleaning keeps images spot free.

• 11-point Autofocus System with 3D Focus Tracking
  Fast and accurate autofocus delivers razor sharpness.

• Auto Active D-Lighting
  Restores lost shadow and highlight detail in high contrast exposures—Selectable and Auto modes available.

• In-camera Retouch image editing
  Creative in-camera image editing, featuring Soft Filter, Straighten, Color Outline Effect, Perspective Control, Red-eye Correction, Image Overlay, Monochrome and more—all without a computer.

• Picture Control Settings for personal image control
  Standard, Neutral, Vivid, Monochrome, Portrait, Landscape and 9 customizable settings.

• Nikon 3D Color Matrix Metering II
  Nikon’s renowned 420-pixel RGB 3D Color Matrix Metering II, teamed with the exclusive Scene Recognition System, evaluates each scene for unmatched exposure accuracy.

• Durable, high precision shutter
  Testing to over 100,000 cycles assures precision and long shutter life.

• GPS Geo-tagging
  GP-1 GPS unit (optional) automatically identifies and records every image’s latitude, longitude and altitude, with satellite time-of-day.

D700 Power that Empowers Agility Meets FXability

Handling agility fused with Nikon’s 12.1-megapixel FX-format CMOS sensor, assures professional image quality with low-noise, high-ISO performance.

Price:
$2,699.95 ^*ESP

• Nikon's original 12.1-megapixel FX-format (23.9 x 36mm) CMOS sensor: Teamed with Nikon's exclusive EXPEED digital image processing, the D700 delivers breathtakingly rich image quality.

• Broad ISO sensitivity up to 6400 and incredibly low noise: Super low-noise performance from 200-6400 ISO, with the added versatility of Lo-1 (100 ISO) Hi-1 (12,800 ISO) and Hi-2 (25,600 ISO).

• Continuous shooting up to 5 frames per second: Shoot at up to 8 frames per second with the optional MB-D10 Multi-power Battery Pack.

• Three-Inch, super-density 921,000-dot VGA color monitor: High resolution with
  170-degree wide-angle viewing, calibrated color and tempered-glass protection assure confident image review.

• Two Live View shooting modes: Choose from hand-held or tripod modes to suit shooting requirements.

• Rugged magnesium-alloy construction: Along with extensive dust and moisture protection and a durable shutter mechanism tested to 150,000 cycles, the D700 merges pro D-SLR performance with expanded agility.

• Fast, accurate 51-point AF with 3D Focus Tracking: Exacting autofocus precision, plus three Dynamic AF modes.

• Dynamic Integrated Dust Reduction System: Effective quad-frequency, ultrasonic sensor cleaning minimizes image degrading dust particles.

• 1,005-Pixel 3D Color Matrix Metering II: Legendary Nikon exposure accuracy aided by an onboard database of over 30,000 images.

• Nikon's exclusive Scene Recognition System: SRS further extends auto-exposure intelligence while also advancing white-balance detection and autofocus performance.

• Nikon Picture Control settings: Advanced color control with 9 customizable settings and 4 preset options allow fine tuning of image appearance preferences.

• Active D-Lighting with NEW Auto mode: Unique three-phase dynamic control to capture previously lost details in shadows and highlights while maintaining normalized contrast.

D90 Engineered for Artistry Unleash Your Potential

Fusing 12.3-megapixel image quality and an exceptional 24fps D-Movie Mode, the Nikon D90 exceeds the demands of passionate photographers.

Price:
$899.95 ^*ESP

• 12.3-megapixel DX-format CMOS imaging sensor: Coupled with Nikon's EXPEED image processing technologies and NIKKOR optics, breathtaking image fidelity is assured.

• Continuous shooting as fast as 4.5 frames-per-second: Combined with fast 0.15ms power-up and split-second 65ms shooting lag, dramatic action and decisive moments are captured easily.

• World’s first D-SLR with an HD movie mode: Record exceptional 24fps movie clips with sound at up to 720p HD (1280 x 720 pixels) in Motion JPEG format, enhanced by NIKKOR interchangeable lens quality and versatility.

• Low noise ISO sensitivity from 200 to 3200: High signal-to-noise components and design deliver exceptional performance, even at high ISO setting.

• 3-inch super-density 921,000-dot color LCD monitor: High resolution, 170-degree wide-angle viewing guarantees confident image review and movie playback.

• Built-in image sensor cleaning: Effective 4-frequency, ultrasonic sensor cleaning frees image degrading dust particles from the sensor's optical low pass filter.

• 11-point AF system: Consistently fast and accurate autofocus, reinforced by the Nikon Scene Recognition System, delivers razor sharpness in a wide variety of conditions.

• One-button Live View: Easy to use Live View activates access to 3 contrast detection focus modes including Face Priority AF.

• Nikon 3D Color Matrix Metering II with Scene Recognition System: Nikon's renowned 420-pixel RGB 3D Color Matrix Metering II, teamed with the exclusive Scene Recognition System, evaluates images, referencing an on-board database of over 30,000 photographic scenes, for unmatched exposure accuracy.

• Comprehensive exposure control: Five advanced scene modes plus Program Auto, Shutter Priority, Aperture Priority and Manual.

• Auto Active D-Lighting: Selectable and Automatic, Active D-Lighting optimizes details within shadows and highlights, taming high-contrast situations in real time.

• Durable, high precision shutter: Testing to over 100,000 cycles assures shutter life and accuracy.

• In-Camera Image Editing: Creative freedom stems from exclusive in-camera image editing, featuring Fisheye effect, Straighten and Distortion Control as well as D-Lighting, Red-eye Reduction, Image Overlay, Monochrome and more.

• GPS geo-tagging: GP-1 GPS unit (optional) provides automatic real-time geo-tagging.

Panasonic HDC-TM300 (Black)

General

• Product Type Camcorder - 1080i
• Enclosure Color Black
• Digital Zoom 700 x
• Total Pixels 9.15 megapixels
• Optical Sensor Size 1/4.1"
• Optical Sensor Type CMOS
• Min Illumination 1 lux
• Analog Video Format NTSC
• Digital Video Format AVCHD , H.264
• Image Stabilizer Optical (Advanced O.I.S.)
• Min Shutter Speed 1/2 sec
• Max Shutter Speed 1/8000 sec
• Shooting Modes Digital photo mode
• Shooting Programs Snow , Beach , Sunset , Scenery , Fireworks , Low light , Spotlight , Night scene , Sports mode , Portrait mode , Night portrait
• White Balance Custom , Presets , Automatic
• White Balance Presets Cloudy , Indoor , Outdoor , Sunlight
• Exposure Modes Program , Automatic , Shutter-priority , Aperture-priority
• Camera Flash Built-in flash
• Flash Modes Fill-in mode , Flash OFF mode , Red-eye reduction
• Features Flash +/- compensation
• Widescreen Video Capture Yes

Main Features

• Camcorder Sensor Resolution 3.05 megapixels
• Camcorder Effective Video Resolution 2.07 megapixels
• Camcorder Effective Still Resolution 2.65 megapixels
• Color Support Color
• Face Detection Yes
• Still Image Format JPEG
• Remote Control Remote control - Infrared
• TV Tuner None

Memory / Storage

• Flash Memory 32 GB Flash - Integrated (soldered memory - 32 GB )
• Supported Flash Memory SD Memory Card
• Floppy Drive None
• Image Storage 3984 x 2656 , 3264 x 2176 , 2592 x 1728 , 4224 x 2376 , 3328 x 1872 , 2560 x 1440 , 3520 x 2640 , 3264 x 2448 , 2560 x 1920 , 640 x 480
• Media Type Flash card

Camera Flash

• Red Eye Reduction Yes
• Effective Flash Range 3.3 ft - 8 ft

Lens System

• Type Zoom lens - 4 mm - 48 mm - F/1.8-2.8
• Focal Length 4 mm - 48 mm
• Lens Aperture F/1.8-2.8
• Optical Zoom 12 x
• Lens system type Zoom lens
• Min focal length 4 mm
• Lens Manufacturer Leica
• Max focal length 48 mm
• Features Built-in lens shield
• Filter Size 43 mm
• Focal Length Equivalent to 35mm Camera 44.9 - 539 mm
• Focus Adjustment Manual , Automatic
• Zoom Adjustment Motorized drive

Additional Features

• Self Timer Yes
• Self Timer Delay 10 sec
• Low Lux / Night Mode Yes
• Digital Still Camera Function Yes
• Additional Features DPOF support , Direct print , Face detection , Built-in speaker , PictBridge support , Touch-screen control , USB 2.0 compatibility , Backlight compensation , Automatic face tracking technology , Takes photos while movie recording , Dolby Digital 5.1 channel recording
• Remote control Remote control - Infrared
• Software Drivers & Utilities , Panasonic HD Writer AE 1.0
• Included Accessories Stylus

Viewfinder

• Viewfinder Type Electronic
• Viewfinder Diagonal Size 0.26 in
• Viewfinder Resolution 113,000 pixels
• Image Aspect Ratio (camcorders) 16:9

Display

• Type LCD display - TFT active matrix - 2.7 in - Color

Digital Player (Recorder)

• Type None

Microphone

• Type Microphone - Built-in
• Microphone Features Zoom

Connections

• Connector Type 1 x HDMI output , 1 x USB , 1 x Composite video/audio output , 1 x Microphone
• Expansion Slot(s) 1 x SD Memory Card

Audio Input

• Audio input type Microphone
• Microphone type Built-in
• Microphone Operation Mode Surround
• Microphone Technology Electret condenser

System Requirements for PC Connection

• Peripheral Devices USB port , CD-ROM drive

Miscellaneous

• Cables Included 1 , 1 x Component video cable , 1 x A/V cable , 1 x USB cable , 1

Power

• Power Device Power adapter and battery charger - External
• Battery type - Lithium ion

Battery

• Supported Battery 1 x Li-ion rechargeable battery - 1250 mAh ( Included )

Viewfinder / Display

• Display Form Factor Rotating
• Display Format 230,400 pixels
• Viewfinder Color Support Color

Environmental Parameters

• Min Operating Temperature 32 °F
• Max Operating Temperature 104 °F

Physical Characteristics

• Width 2.8 in
• Depth 5.6 in
• Height 2.8 in
• Weight 13.6 oz

Canon XH A1

General

• Product Type Camcorder - 1080i
• Optical Sensor Size 1/3"
• Optical Sensor Type 3CCD
• Min Illumination 0.4 lux
• Special Effects Skintone , Black & White
• Image Stabilizer Optical
• Digital Scene Transition Black fader , White fader
• Min Shutter Speed 1/3 sec
• Max Shutter Speed 1/16000 sec
• Shooting Modes Digital photo mode
• Shooting Programs Low light , Spotlight
• White Balance Custom , Presets , Automatic
• Exposure Modes Manual , Program , Automatic , Shutter-priority , Aperture-priority
• Camera Flash None
• Widescreen Video Capture Yes

Main Features

• Camcorder Sensor Resolution 1.67 megapixels
• Camcorder Effective Video Resolution 1.56 megapixels
• Camcorder Effective Still Resolution 2 megapixels
• Color Support Color
• Auto Exposure Bracketing 3 steps
• Still Image Format EXIF
• Remote Control Remote control - Infrared
• Media Included Qty 1
• TV Tuner None
• Supported Resolution 1080i

Pro Camcorder Features

• Audio Signal Format PCM , MPEG1 Audio Layer II
• Features Total Cine Control

Memory / Storage

• Flash Memory 16 MB Flash - SD Memory Card
• Supported Flash Memory MultiMediaCard , SD Memory Card
• Floppy Drive None
• Image Storage JPEG 1920 x 1080 , JPEG 1440 x 1080 , JPEG 640 x 480
• Media Type Mini DV (HDV)

Lens System

• Type Zoom lens - 4.5 mm - 90 mm - F/1.6
• Focal Length 4.5 mm - 90 mm
• Lens Aperture F/1.6
• Optical Zoom 20 x
• Lens system type Zoom lens
• Min focal length 4.5 mm
• Max focal length 90 mm
• Auto Focus TTL contrast detection
• Features UD glass
• Filter Size 72 mm
• Focal Length Equivalent to 35mm Camera 32.5 - 650 mm
• Focus Adjustment Manual , Automatic
• Min Focus Range 0.8 in
• Zoom Adjustment Manual , Motorized drive

Additional Features

• DV input Yes
• Low Lux / Night Mode Yes
• Digital Still Camera Function Yes
• Search Modes Date search , Photo search
• Additional Features Contrast control , Sharpness control , Accessories hot shoe , Backlight compensation , RGB primary color filter , Analog to digital conversion with pass through
• Remote control Remote control - Infrared
• Included Accessories Lens hood , Camcorder shoulder strap

Viewfinder

• Viewfinder Type LCD
• Viewfinder Diagonal Size 0.57 in
• Viewfinder Resolution 269,000 pixels

Display

• Type LCD display - TFT active matrix - 2.8 in - Color

Digital Player (Recorder)

• Type None

Microphone

• Type Microphone - Built-in

Connections

• Connector Type 1 x Headphones , 1 x Microphone , 1 x IEEE 1394 (FireWire/i.LINK) , 1 x Composite video/audio (input/output) , 1 x Control-L (LANC) , 1 x DC power input
• Expansion Slot(s) 1 x SD Memory Card

Audio Input

• Audio input type Microphone
• Microphone type Built-in
• Microphone Operation Mode Stereo

Miscellaneous

• Carrying Case None
• Cables Included 1 x A/V cable , 1 x Component video cable , 1 x DC coupler cable

Power

• Power Device Power adapter + battery charger - External

Battery

• Supported Battery Canon BP-950G
• Supported Battery 1 x Li-ion rechargeable battery ( Included )

Viewfinder / Display

• Display Form Factor Rotating
• Display Format 207,000 pixels
• Viewfinder Color Support Color

Physical Characteristics

• Width 6.4 in
• Depth 13.8 in
• Height 7.4 in
• Weight 4.7 lbs

Nikon D3000 Review

Review based on a production Nikon D3000

There is a temptation amongst those of us that shoot with and test DSLRs for a living to be more than a little dismissive about entry-level cameras like the Nikon D3000. However, first-time DSLR buyers are enormously important to camera manufacturers, and the competition amongst them for a share of the entry-level market is intense. The D60, which is replaced by the D3000, was Nikon's best-selling DLSR, and it is the success of products like this that drives the development of everything from low-end Coolpix models to the recently announced professional level D3s. But the success of entry-level DSLRs isn't just good news for camera manufacturers - today's 'low end' offerings are highly specified, powerful tools, which - had they been released a few years ago - would have commanded much higher prices than they do today.

With the 6 million pixel D40, released in 2006, Nikon made a decision to create a completely different type of DSLR to its previous low-end offerings. The D40, and the D40x and D60 that followed it, was designed specifically to be user-friendly, as well as merely wallet-friendly. Gone were the 'traditional' top-plate mounted LCD screen and many of the external control points, in favor of a stripped-down, minimalist design and a largely screen-driven interface. The D3000 continues in this mold, but if anything, is even easier to get to grips with thanks to the introduction of a new 'guide' mode. The D3000 shares the same 10 million pixel CCD sensor as the D60, and almost exactly the same body and design, but this camera is more than a cosmetic revamp of the older model. Crucially, the D60's adequate but uninspiring 3-point AF system is gone, replaced by the same 11-point system as found in the D90. This venerable AF module (the Multi-cam 1000, if you were curious) has impressive provenance, and was originally developed for the professional-level Nikon D200. Some photographers may be disappointed, however, by the lack of live view and video modes in the D3000, which makes it the 'odd one out' compared to many of its entry-level peers.

So is a revamped AF system and new, even more user-friendly interface enough to make first-time DSLR buyers part with their cash? Or does the D3000 pale before live-view equipped competitors like the Canon EOS 1000D and Olympus E-450?

Nikon D3000 Key Features

• 10.75 megapixel DX-format CCD sensor (effective pixels: 10.2 million)
• 3" fixed LCD monitor (230,000 dots)
• Image sensor cleaning (sensor shake and 'airflow')
• 11 AF points (with 3D tracking)
• IS0 100-1600 range (100-3200 expanded)
• 3 frames per second continuous shooting (buffer: 6 raw, unlimited JPEG)
• Expeed image processing engine
• Extensive in-camera retouching including raw development and straightening
• 72 thumbnail and calendar view in playback

Nikon D3000 vs D5000: Key Differences

The D3000 is pretty closely related to the D5000. There are important differences though, which are detailed here.

• 10 MP CCD sensor (D5000: 12.3 MP CMOS)
• Fixed LCD screen (D5000: Tilt/swivel screen)
• No Live View (D5000: Live View with contrast detect AF)
• No movie mode (D5000: Movie Mode with contrast detect AF)
• More limited ISO range (100-3200 as opposed to 200-6400)
• No control of Active D-Lighting intensity (D5000: choice of 'low, normal, high')
• No automatic lateral chromatic aberration correction (available in D5000)
• No choice of JPEG quality in RAW+JPEG shooting (JPEG basic available only)
• Slower continuous shooting (3fps compared to 4fps from the D5000)
• No exposure bracketing (available in D5000)

Compared to the Nikon D50000 and D60: major feature and specification differences

As you can see from the table below the D3000 shares a lot of functionality with the D5000, including a versatile 11-point AF system. In some respects though, especially in terms of resolution and frame rate/buffer, it is closer to the now-discontinued D60.

	Nikon D3000	Nikon D5000	Nikon D60
Sensor	• 10.2 million effective pixels • 23.6 x 15.8 mm CCD (DX format)	• 12.3 million effective pixels • 23.6 x 15.8 mm CMOS (DX format)	• 10.2 million effective pixels • 23.6 x 15.8 mm CCD (DX format)
Image sizes	• 3872 x 2592 (10MP) • 2896 x 1944 • 1936 x 1296	• 4,288 x 2,848 (12 MP) • 3,216 x 2,136 • 2,144 x 1,424	• 3872 x 2592 (10.0 MP) • 2896 x 1944 • 1936 x 1296
Sensor cleaning	• Image Sensor Cleaning • Airflow control system • Image Dust Off reference data (optional Capture NX 2 software required)	• Image Sensor Cleaning • Airflow control system • Image Dust Off reference data (optional Capture NX 2 software required)	• Image Sensor Cleaning • Airflow control system • Image Dust Off reference data (optional Capture NX 2 software required)
Autofocus	• 11 area TTL • Nikon Multi-CAM1000	• 11 area TTL • Nikon Multi-CAM1000	• 3 area TTL • Nikon Multi-CAM530
In-body focus motor	• No	• No	• No
AF area modes	• Single point • Dynamic area • Auto area • 3D Tracking (11-points)	• Single point • Dynamic area • Auto area • 3D Tracking (11-points)	• Single point • Dynamic area • Auto area (closest subject priority)
Live view AF modes	N/A	• Face priority • Wide area • Normal area • Subject tracking	N/A
Sensitivity	• ISO 100 - 1600 • ISO 100-3200 with boost	• ISO 200 - 3200 • ISO 100-6400 with boost	• ISO 100 - 1600 • Up to ISO 3200 with boost
Continuous	• 3 fps • 100 / 7 frames (Fine JPEG / raw)	• 4 fps • 63 / 11 frames (Fine JPEG / raw)	• 3 fps • 100 / 9 frames (Fine JPEG / raw)
Viewfinder type	• Pentamirror	• Pentamirror	• Pentamirror
Viewfinder magnification	• 0.78x	• 0.78x	• 0.8x
Viewfinder Frame coverage	• Approx. 95%	• Approx. 95%	• Approx. 95%
LCD monitor	• 3" TFT LCD • 230,000 pixel TFT	• 2.7" TFT LCD • 230,000 pixel TFT • Articulated	• 2.5" TFT LCD • 230,000 pixel TFT
Dimensions	126 x 97 x 64 mm (5.0 x 3.8 x 2.5 in)	127 x 104 x 80 mm (5.0 x 4.1 x 3.1 in)	126 x 94 x 64 mm (5.0 x 3.7 x 2.5 in)
Weight	• No battery: 485 g (1.1 lb) • With battery: 536g (1.2 lb)	• No battery: 560 g (1.2 lb) • With battery: 611g (1.3 lb)	• No battery: 471 g (1.0 lb) • With battery: 522g (1.2 lb)
Image processing engine	• Expeed • 12 bit	• Expeed • 12 bit	• Expeed • 12 bit
Active D-lighting	On/Off	Can be selected from Auto, Extra high, High, Normal, Low, or Off	On/Off
Automatic chromatic aberration correction	No	Yes	No
In-camera retouching	• D-Lighting • Red-eye reduction • Trimming • Monochrome & filter effects • Color balance • Small picture • Image overlay • NEF (RAW) processing • Quick retouch • Color outline • Miniature effect • Stop-motion movie	• D-Lighting • Red-eye reduction • Trimming • Monochrome & filter effects • Color balance • Small picture • Image overlay • NEF (RAW) processing • Quick retouch • Straighten • Distortion control • Fisheye • Color outline • Perspective control	• D-Lighting • Red-eye reduction • Trimming • Monochrome & filter effects • Color balance • Small picture • Image overlay • NEF (RAW) processing • Quick retouch • Straighten • Distortion control • Fisheye • Stop-motion movie
Movie mode	No	Yes	No
Live View	No	Yes	No
Bracketing	No	Yes	No

Pentax K-x Review, December 2009

Review based on a production Pentax K-x, firmware V1.01

The Pentax K-x sits in the slot previously occupied by the company's K200D - one of the best-specified entry-level DSLRs on the market in its time - though that position has now been elevated by the arrival of a new breed of simplified models below it. In Pentax's line-up that means the K2000/K-m designed to entice compact camera users into DSLR ownership with its easy-to-use interface and diminutive scale, and it's that camera the K-x is immediately reminiscent of (they share the same body).

Despite its compact size and use of AA batteries, there is more than a hint of the K-7 about the new model's specifications. It gains the K-7's 11-point AF system and PRIME II imaging engine, along with its abilities to correct for chromatic aberration and distortion when using Pentax DA and DFA lenses. It also features an orientation sensor.

While, unlike the K-m, on the K-x you can now at least select the active AF-point, it's still not displayed in the viewfinder. However, despite of all the shared features with the K2000/K-m and K-7 there is still plenty new about the K-x.

The camera is based around a 12.4 megapixel CMOS sensor with onboard A/D conversion (a system often associated with Sony), with output fast enough not only for the camera to shoot at 4.7 frames per second, but also for capturing 24 frames of 720p HD video per second. Along with the sensor come higher ISOs - now up to 6400, expandable to 12800. Plus there's a revised version of the K-m's shutter mechanism to allow the high continuous shooting speed, which ups the maximum shutter speed to 1/6000 sec. The camera also features a new 'cross-processing' mode on top of an already impressive range of filters and processing options.

Pentax K-x Key Features

• 12.4 megapixel APS-C-format CMOS sensor (total pixels: 12.9 million)
• PRIME II imaging engine
• 1/6000th maximum shutter speed
• 720p HD video (24 fps)
• 2.7" LCD monitor (230,000 dots)
• Image sensor cleaning (sensor shake)
• 11 selectable AF points
• IS0 200-6400 range (100-12,800 when expanded)
• 4.7 frames per second continuous shooting (for 17 frames)
  

How the Pentax DSLRs compare:

	K-7	K-x	K-m
Image sensor	14.6Mp CMOS	12.4Mp CMOS	10.2Mp CCD
Imaging engine	Prime II	Prime II	Prime
Sensitivity	100-3200 (6400 with expansion)	200-6400 (100 and 12,800 with expansion)	100-3200
Continuous shooting speed	5.2fps (40 frames)	4.7fps (17 frames)	3.5fps (5 frames)
AF	SAFOX VIII+ with superimposed points 11-points (selectable) AF-assist lamp	SAFOX VIII 11-points (selectable)	SAFOX VIII 5-points
AE	77-segment	16-segment	16-segment
Viewfinder	Pentaprism Coverage: 100% Magnification: 0.95	Pentamirror Coverage: 96% Magnification: 0.85	Pentamirror Coverage: 96% Magnification: 0.85
Movies	1024p 30fps	720p 24fps	No
Microphone	Mono internal or stereo external	Mono internal	No
HDMI output	Yes	No	No
Lens correction	Yes	Yes	No
HDR mode	Yes	Yes	No
Multiple exposure	Yes	Yes	No
Orientation sensor	Yes	Yes	No
Slow-sync flash	Yes	Yes	No
Weight	670g	515g	525g
Cold resistant to -10deg	Yes	No	No
Weather resistant	Yes	No	No

Ricoh GXR/A12 50mm Review, March 2010

Review based on a production Ricoh GXR body with firmware v1.05 and A12 50mm lens unit with firmware v1.05

This is the first of two reviews of the GXR; as each module is effectively a completely different camera we've decided to treat them as such and produce separate reviews. This review covers the GXR with the A12 50mm equiv f2.5 (12MP APS-C sensor) module, the next will cover the GXR/S10 24-70mm equiv (10Mp 1/1.7" sensor) combo. The first half of both reviews is the same, covering the GXR camera body and system.

In the short, frenetic history of the digital camera it has often been the smaller, less high profile manufacturers who have taken all the risks and experimented with more unconventional designs and solutions. For despite all the technological advances in the last decade the majority of digital cameras have designs that follow the same basic blueprint as their analog predecessors: they're essentially the same cameras with a sensor in the place of film.

This is especially true in the interchangeable lens camera sector, where the big players (coincidentally those who led the market in the days of film), hampered by the need (desire) to retain compatibility with their legacy analog systems, produce digital SLRs that would feel reassuringly familiar to any photographer from the late '80s or early '90s who by choice or circumstance had missed out on the digital revolution.

Last year saw the first serious challenges to the dominance of the single lens reflex (a design that can trace it roots back over 100 years, and that hasn't changed fundamentally since the 1950s) in the interchangeable lens camera market - thanks to the introduction of Micro Four Thirds by Olympus and Panasonic. Since then Samsung has also introduced a very similar system ('NX') which is based on a larger APS-C sensor.

So when we first heard from Ricoh that they wanted to come and show us a new system camera we presumed it too was going to be variation on the 'mirrorless' design. Then we started to get hints that it was actually a totally new idea (or, as mentioned at the bottom of this page, a very old idea resurrected).

The interchangeable lens unit camera

Where Micro Four Thirds and similar systems aim to cut bulk by removing the mirror box, which slims down the camera body and somewhat reduces the size of the lenses (though by how much depends on the sensor size used), they still end up pretty big once you add zoom lenses (and if we're talking about long zooms or telephotos the advantage is all but lost - large sensors require large lenses). Thus the idea that these 'hybrid' cameras can offer SLR quality and versatility combined with compact camera size is simply not possible.

Ricoh's answer to this problem is, to say the least, novel. Rather than selling a camera body with a fixed sensor, the GXR system uses interchangeable lens/sensor units - every lens comes in a sealed unit complete with sensor, shutter, aperture, processing engine (there's also one in the camera body) and the motors necessary to focus the lens (and drive the zoom mechanism if present). You are, essentially, buying a new 'camera' every time you buy the lens: the GXR body is little more than a shell containing the screen, card slot, controls and flash. This radical rethink of the 'interchangeable lens' has some important consequences:

• Different lens units can have different sensor sizes and technologies (CCD or CMOS, for example)
• By using a smaller (compact camera) sensor the GXR system can offer very small zooms
• Lens units can be designed for specialist applications (video optimized lens and sensor for example)
• The overall performance of the system is essentially defined by the lens unit, not the body
• Each lens has its own leaf shutter - which will generally be quieter, and offer faster flash sync than the focal-plane shutters used by Micro Four Thirds

The GXR lens unit slides into the body and clicks into place
The GXR launched with two very different optional lens modules. Although the body is very thin, how pocketable the camera is depends entirely on the lens module mounted: the 24-70mm-equivalent zoom unit maintains the low profile when not in use (it collapses when powered down) but the A12 50mm-equivalent prime is a fairly large unit.

The GXR body (which is like a slightly over-sized GR or GX model) can thus be anything from a high speed compact super zoom (a la Panasonic TZ series) to an APS-C compact with a fast prime lens (think Sigma DP2 or Leica X1) simply by swapping lens units. By replacing the lens unit with a compact projector, printer or high capacity storage device it could stop being a camera completely, at least that's the theory.

Ricoh GXR: Key features

• Unique flat sliding lens mount
• Interchangeable sealed lens/sensor units
• Compact Magnesium Alloy die-cast body with 'GR coating'
• Extensive customization options and external controls
• 3.0" 920,000 pixel LCD
• Built-in flash and accessory shoe
• Optional electronic viewfinder
• HDMI connector

The standard components of an interchangeable lens camera are split between the GXR body and the lens unit in such a way that the performance of the camera (focus speed, image quality and so on) is to a large degree defined by the latter, with the body taking care of operational aspects and the actual process of taking the picture. Both camera and lens unit have their own Ricoh Smooth Image Engine processor (complete with RAM), though it appears the one in the lens unit is only used for capture and to get raw data off the sensor and convert it from analog to digital before it is sent to the body for processing and file creation. A fast, wide data bus connects the two halves together. To get a rough idea how the components and tasks are split see the table below (or check out the block diagram on the next page).

GXR body	GXR lens unit
Controls and menus	Lens
JPEG processing and file creation	Shutter & Aperture
Raw file creation	Sensor (CCD or CMOS)
Live view processing and display	AD conversion
AV and PC interfaces (external I/O)	Raw file processing (incl noise reduction if used)
Flash, audio	Autofocus motor
Battery / power	Image stabilization (gyro and sensor shifting)
Internal memory and SD card	Raw buffer
LCD screen and EVF (if attached)
All playback functions

Each lens unit contains instructions and parameters specific to its own sensor and optics, meaning that different lens units will change slightly the features, behavior and performance of the camera body when attached. Some of the lens unit dependant attributes (that we currently know of or can deduce) include:

• Image processing parameters
• Noise reduction
• Menu options - lens units define what menus you see
• Distortion correction (and, presumably, other lens corrections)
• Shutter speed and aperture ranges
• Program mode parameters ('program lines')
• Specific features (manual focus ring, sensor-shift stabilization etc)
• Focus speed
• Continuous shooting speed
• Buffer (no of frames and speed)
• Movie capture capabilities (resolution and frame rate)

Essentially, as mentioned elsewhere, with each lens unit you're getting a completely new camera with very different capabilities. Whether this is a good thing or not is going to depend on how well Ricoh does with its stated aim of using highly optimized lens/sensor combinations, and how much it is prepared to invest in producing a range of options that's compelling enough to tempt buyers away from more conventional systems such as Micro Four Thirds.

In the first part of this review (pages 1-12) we will have a close look at the GXR's body, features and user interface. In the second part (studio and real-life tests) we focus on the GXR with the A12 50mm module. The tests with the S10 module will be published in a separate review.